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بررسی تغییرات هدررفت خاک با استفاده از کود مرغی در بازه های زمانی مختلف | ||
مجله پژوهشهای حفاظت آب و خاک | ||
دوره 27، شماره 4، مهر و آبان 1399، صفحه 1-21 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/jwsc.2020.16817.3216 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
بهزاد زارعی1؛ لیلا غلامی* 2؛ عطالله کاویان3؛ کاکا شاهدی4 | ||
1دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گره مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
2گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران | ||
3گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران | ||
4عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع ساری | ||
چکیده | ||
سابقه و هدف: ﺧﺎک ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ بوده، اما همواره ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻗﺮار داشته، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ کاهش هدررفت خاک دارای اهمیت زیادی است. با وجود انجام پژوهشهای متعدد در زمینه جلوگیری از هدررفت خاک درک ﮐﺎﻣﻞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾده و کاهش آن راﻫﯽ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ در ﭘﯿﺶ دارد. بررسیها نشان داده است که امروزه مواد افزودنی متنوعی با هدف حفاظت آب و خاک در سرتاسر جهان مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. افزودنیهای آلی موادی هستند که میتوانند باعث افزایش نفوذپذیری و کاهش رواناب و هدررفت خاک شوند. تولید رواناب و رسوب تحت تأثیر تغییرات مکانی ویژگیهای خاک تغییر مییابند و همچنین قابلیت خاک در تولید رواناب و رسوب در طی زمان ثابت نیست. بنابراین، نوآوری پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر کود مرغی در فرآیند حفاظت آب و خاک بر مولفههای زمان شروع رواناب، ضریب رواناب، هدررفت خاک و غلظت رسوب در دورههای زمانی 24 ساعت، سه، شش، نه و 12 ماه میباشد. مواد و روشها: در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور اندازهگیری مقدار رواناب و هدررفت خاک از 28 کرت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با استفاده از تیمار کود مرغی هوا خشکشده استفاده شد. کود مرغی با دو مقدار پنج و 10 تن بر هکتار بهکار برده شد که مستقیماً در سطح خاک بهصورت یکنواخت و با دست پخش گردید. پس از آن آزمایشها در تیمار شاهد (قبل از کاربرد کود مرغی) و تیمارهای حفاظت شده (بعد از کاربرد کود مرغی) با سه تکرار انجام گردید. آزمایشها در کرتهای شاهد و کرتهای حفاظت شده با استفاده از شبیهساز باران برای شدت بارندگی 50 میلیمتر در ساعت و در شیب 20 درصد جهت جمعآوری رواناب و رسوب شبیهسازی شد. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که کود مرغی با دو مقدار پنج و 10 تن بر هکتار در بازههای زمانی مورد مطالعه باعث افزایش زمان شروع رواناب و کاهش ضریب رواناب، هدررفت خاک و غلظت رسوب شد. تیمار کود مرغی 10 تن برهکتار در بازه زمانی 12 ماه بیشترین تاثیر را بر افزایش زمان شروع رواناب با مقدار 6/19+ درصد، همچنین بیشترین میزان کاهش در ضریب رواناب و هدررفت خاک به-ترتیب با مقادیر 11/14- و 00/19- درصد را داشت. در حالیکه تیمار کود مرغی با مقدار پنج تن بر هکتار در بازه زمانی 24 ساعت بیشترین میزان کاهش در غلظت رسوب با مقدار 93/9- درصد را ارائه نمود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که اثر جداگانه کود مرغی بر زمان شروع رواناب و هدررفت خاک در سطح 99 درصد و بر ضریب رواناب در سطح 95 درصد معنیدار بود. همچنین اثر جداگانه بازه زمانی بر زمان شروع رواناب در سطح 99 درصد معنیدار و بر ضریب رواناب، هدررفت خاک و غلظت رسوب غیرمعنیدار بود. نتیجهگیری: افزودنیهای آلی میتوانند موجب کاهش رواناب و هدررفت خاک شوند. با این وجود، نقش مواد اصلاحی آلی قابل دسترس و دوستدار محیط زیست کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. همچنین استفاده از کودهای آلی بهعنوان یکی از مطلوبترین انواع روشها در کاهش هزینههای استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی و نیز اثرات مخرب آنها بر خاک و محیطزیست میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اصلاح کننده های خاک؛ پایداری خاک؛ فرسایش خاک؛ کرت های فرسایشی؛ کود آلی | ||
مراجع | ||
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