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پاسخ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد تودههای مختلف سیاهدانه به پیشتیمار بذر با اسید هیومیک و بیوزینک | ||
| پژوهشهای تولید گیاهی | ||
| دوره 32، شماره 3، مهر 1404، صفحه 181-205 اصل مقاله (1.88 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/jopp.2024.22758.3180 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فائزه زعفریان* 1؛ محمد مهدی میرزایی2؛ شیوا طاهری3 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. | ||
| 3گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: پیشتیمار بذر یک راهکار متداول برای افزایش درصد، سرعت و یکنواختی جوانهزنی و سبز شدن بذور تحت شرایط نامساعد محیطی میباشد که میتواند مقاومت در برابر تنشهای محیطی در گیاهان را افزایش دهد. اخیراً، استفاده از انواع کودهای زیستی، آلی و عناصر کممصرف جهت پیشتیمار کردن بذر برای بهبود کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی رواج یافته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی واکنش عملکرد اجزای تودههای مختلف سیاهدانه(Nigella sativa L.) به پیشتیمار بذر با اسید هیومیک و بیوزینک انجام پذیرفت. مواد و روشها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان در سال زراعی 1401-1400 انجام شد که تیمارها شامل عدم پیشتیمار (شاهد)، پیشتیمار بذر با اسید هیومیک و بیوزینک و سه توده سیاهدانه (هندی، سوری و ایرانی) بود. یادداشتبرداری مراحل فنولوژیکی بوتهها هفتهای 2 بار و ورود به هر مرحله فنولوژیکی، بر اساس مشاهده رسیدن 80 درصد بوتهها به آن مرحله در نظر گرفته شد. همچنین، پس از رسیدگی و نمو کامل بوتهها، صفات تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن دانه در کپسول، وزن کل خشک تک -بوته، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد و درصد کپسول پوک و سالم در بوته، تعداد فولیکول در هرکپسول، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت مورد اندازهگیری قرار گرفت. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد تودههای مختلف سیاهدانه از نظر طی مراحل مختلف فنولوژیک متفاوت بودند؛ بهطوریکه به مرور زمان توده هندی کمترین زمان لازم برای طی مراحل فنولوژیک را به خود اختصاص داد. بر اساس نتایج بیشترین تعداد کپسول پوک در توده سوری بدون پیشتیمار و کمترین مقدار این صفت برای توده هندی پیشتیمار شده بدست آمد و این در حالی بود که بالاترین تعداد کپسول سالم در توده هندی و ایرانی پیشتیمار شده مشاهده شد. همچنین بالاترین وزن کل دانه در هر بوته و وزن کل بوته نیز در توده هندی پیشتیمار شده با بیوزینک و اسید هیومیک رویت شد. ضمن اینکه پیشتیمار بذور با اسید هیومیک و بیوزیک سبب افزایش 12/2 و 71/1 درصدی وزن هزار دانه نسبت به عدم پیشتیمار شد. شایان ذکر است که بیشینه و کمینه عملکرد اقتصادی بدست آمده (بهترتیب 53/163 و 43/71 گرم در متر مربع) نیز در توده هندی پیشتیمار شده با بیوزینک و توده ایرانی بدون پیشتیمار دیده شد. بیشترین شاخص برداشت برآورد شده مربوط به توده هندی پیشتیمار شده با اسید هیومیک با میانگین 77/43 درصد و کمترین شاخص برداشت نیز با میانگین 53/8 درصد در توده ایرانی بدون پیشتیمار رویت شد. نتیجهگیری: در صورتیکه هدف دستیابی به بالاترین عملکرد دانه باشد؛ توده هندی پیشتیمار شده با بیوزینک و اسید هیومیک میتواند گزینه مناسبی جهت حصول عملکردهای بالاتر باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اجزای عملکرد؛ توده هندی؛ عملکرد اقتصادی؛ فنولوژی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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