بررسی مدت زمان سیلوسازی جیره‌های کاملاً مخلوط دارای سطوح متفاوت بقایای حاصل از پوست‌گیری پسته بر ترکیب شیمیایی، خصوصیات تخمیری و تولید گاز در شرایط برون‌تنی

Abarghuei, M.J., Rouzbehan, Y., Salem, A.Z.M. & Zamiri, M.J. (2014). Nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows fed pomegranate-peel extract. Livestock Science, 164:  72-80.

AOAC. )2005(. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Maryland, USA.

Azizi, M., Soltani, A. & Khavari Khorasani, S. )2006(. "Rapeseed: Physiology, Agriculture, Breeding, Biotechnology." Mashhad Branch Academic Journal, p. 204. (In Persian).

Bagheripour, E., Rouzbehan, Y. & Alipour, D. )2008(. Effects of ensiling, air-drying and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production of pistachio by-products. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 146(3-4): 327-336.

Bouriako, I.A., Shihab, H., Kuri, V. & Margerison, J.K. )2001(. Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology. In Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, 88-88. Cambridge University Press.

Bretschneider, G., Mattera, J., Cuatrin, A., Arias, D. & Wanzenried, R. )2015(. Effect of ensiling a total mixed ration on feed quality for cattle in smallholder dairy farms. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 47(2): 225- 29.

Brito, A.F. & Broderick, G.A. )2006(. Effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(10): 3924-3938.

Broderick, G.A. & Kang, J.H. )1980(. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 63(1): 64-75.

Broderick, G.A., Brito, A.F. & Colmenero, J.O. )2007(. Effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on the production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(3): 1378-1391.

Bueno, A.V.I., Lazzari, G., Jobim, C.C. & Daniel, J.L.P. )2020(. Ensiling total mixed ration for ruminants: a review. Agronomy, 10(6): 879.

Cao, Y., Takahashi, T., Horiguchi, K.I., Yoshida, N. & Cai, Y. )2010(. Methane emissions from sheep fed fermented or non-fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 157(1-2): 72-78.

Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. & Losa, R. )2007(. Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132(3-4): 186- 01.

Denek, N. & Can, A. )2006(. Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 65(3): 260-265.

Eguchi, K., Hattori, I., Sawai, A., Muraki, M. & Sato, K. )2008(. Fermentation quality of purple corn [Zea mays] silage. Japanese Journal of Grassland Science. 54(2).

Eliş, S. & Özyazici, M.A. )2019(. Determination of the silage quality characteristics of different switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 17(6).

FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Website: http://www.faostat.fao.org Food Loss and Waste )2022(. Available online: https://www.fao.org/nutrition/capacity-development/food-loss-and-waste/ en/ (accessed on 15 September 2022)

Fazaeli, H. )2020(. Total Mixed Ration Silage, New Technology in Animal Feeding Management. Press Animal Science Research Institute (ASRI), Karaj, Iran, 408 pp (In Persian).

Fazaeli, H., Baghjari, E., Sarmadi, A. & Taheri pour, J. )2022(. Silage characteristics and nutritive value of TMR silage based on the orange pulp with different levels of wheat straw and additives. Animal Science, 35(134): 59-74. (In Persian).

Fazaeli, H., Sadeghishoa, M., Aghashahi, A.R. & Aliverdinasab, R. )2023(. Nutritional value of total mixed ration silage based on the fodder beet and corn forage in Shal sheep. Journal of Ruminant Research, 11(3): 97-116. (In Persian).

Fedorah, P.M. & Hrudey, S.E. )1983(. A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic cultures in serum bottles. Environmental Technology, 4(10): 425-432.

Getachew, G., Blümmel, M., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K. )1998(. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 72(3-4): 261-281.

Hao, W., Tian, P., Zheng, M., Wang, H. & Xu, C. )2020(. Characteristics of proteolytic microorganisms and their effects on proteolysis in total mixed ration silages of soybean curd residue. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(1): 100.

Hao, W., Wang, H.L., Ning, T.T., Yang, F.Y. & Xu, C.C. )2015(. Aerobic stability and effects of yeasts during deterioration of non-fermented and fermented total mixed ration with different moisture levels. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 28(6): 816.

Kilic, A. )1986(. Silo Feed (Instruction, Education and Application Proposals). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, pp: 327.

Kilic, A. )2006(. Determined of Quality in Roughage. Hasat Poblication, Istanbul.

Kondo, M., Shimizu, K., Jayanegara, A., Mishima, T., Matsui, H., Karita, S., Goto, M. & Fujihara, T. )2016(. Changes in nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of total mixed ration silage stored at different temperatures and periods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(4): 1175-1180.

Li, F., Ding, Z., Adesogan, A.T., Ke, W., Jiang, Y., Bai, J., Mudassar, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, W. & Guo, X. )2020(. Effects of class IIa bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus species on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Animals, 10(9): 1575.

Linn, J.G., & Martin, N.P. )1991(. Forage quality analyses and interpretation. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 7(2): 509-523.

Madrid, J., Martínez‐Teruel, A., Hernández, F. & Megías, M.D. )1999(. A comparative study on the determination of lactic acid in silage juice by colorimetric, high‐performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79(12): 1722-1726.

Makkar, H.P. )2005(. In vitro gas methods for evaluation of feeds containing phytochemicals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123: 291-302.

Marocco, D.H., Favero, P., Guralski, R., Basi, C., Zacaron, W., Solivo, G. & Zotti, C.A. )2020(. Use of by-products in a total mixed ration silage. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6-l2): 3473-3480.

McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. & Heron, S.J.E. )1991(. The Biochemistry of Silage. Chalcombe Publications.

Menke, H.H. & Steingass, H. )1988(. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.

Miyaji, M. & Matsuyama, H. )2016(. Lactation and digestion in dairy cows fed ensiled total mixed ration containing steam‐flaked or ground rice grain. Animal Science Journal, 87(6): 767-774.

Miyaji, M., Matsuyama, H. & Nonaka, K. )2017(. Effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile, nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet. Animal Science Journal, 88(1): 134-139.

Naeini, S.Z., Emami, N.K., Rowghani, E. & Bayat, A. )2014(. Influence of ensiling time on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and protein fractions of sweet sorghum silage. Veterinary and Animal Science, 4: 286-293.

Naetzold, S., Viégas, J., Skonieski, F.R., Tonin, T.J., Schumacher, L.L., Fagundes, M.B., Rocha, L.T. & Wagner, R. )2021(. Fractionation of carbohydrates and proteins and in vitro rumen kinetics of corn silage under various storage durations. South African Journal of Animal Science, 51(4): 523-532.

Norolahi, F., Tahmasbi, R., Dayani, O. & Khezri, A. )2022(. Survey of the nutrition value cactus (Opuntia ficus indica)-alfalfa mixed silage using gas production and effect of ensiling duration on its quality in ruminant nutrition. Animal Sciences Journal, 34(133): 59-72.

Owen, F.G. & Howard, W.T. )1965(. Effect of ration moisture level on value of alfalfa plus cracked corn as a complete-feed silage for lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 48(10):1310-1314.

Pedroso, A.D.F., Nussio, L.G., Paziani, S.D.F., Loures, D.R.S., Igarasi, M.S., Coelho, R.M., Packer, I.H., Horii, J. & Gomes, L.H. )2005(. Fermentation and epiphytic microflora dynamics in sugar cane silage. Scientia Agricola, 62: 427-432.

Portela, Y.N., de Moura Zanine, A., de Jesus Ferreira, D., de Oliveira Maia Parente, M., Parente, H.N., Santos, E.M., Perazzo, A.F., Nascimento, T.V.C., de Cunha, I.A.L., de Oliveira Lima, A.G.V., de Sousa Santos, F.N. & Bandeira, D.M. )2023(. Mixed ration silage containing sugarcane and babassu byproducts as a nutritional alternative for livestock. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 66(5): 419-435.

Sallam, S.M.A. )2005(. Nutritive value assessment of the alternative feed resources by gas production and rumen fermentation in vitro. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1(2): 200-209.

Sarıçiçek, B.Z., Yıldırım, B., Kocabaş, Z. & Demir, E.O. )2016(. Effect of storage time on nutrient composition and quality parameters of corn silage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 4(11): 934-939.

SAS. )2005(. SAS User’s Guide. Statistics. Version 9.1.3 Edition. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary NC.

Schingoethe, D.J. )2017(. A 100-Year Review: Total mixed ration feeding of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12): 10143-10150.

Schumacher, L., Pereira, S.N., Del Valle, T.A., Tyska, D., Mallmann, C.A., Tonin, T.J. & Viégas, J. )2023(. Storage time effects on whole-plant sorghum silage fermentation profile, aerobic stability and mycotoxin concentration. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1-13.

Selwet, M. )2009(. Effect of propionic and formic acid mixtures on the fermentation, fungi development and aerobic stability of maize silage. Polish Journal of Agronomy, 1: 37-42.

Shakeri, P., Riasi, A., Alikhani, M., Fazaeli, H. & Ghorbani, G.R. )2013(. Effects of feeding pistachio by-products silage on growth performance, serum metabolites and urine characteristics in Holstein male calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97(6): 1022-1029.

Shao, T., Ohba, N., Shimojo, M. & Masuda, Y. )2002(. Dynamics of early fermentation of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 15(11): 1606-1610.

Souza, A.M.D., Neumann, M., Rampim, L., Almeida, E.R.D., Matchula, A.F., Cristo, F.B. & Faria, M.V. )2022(. Effect of storage time on the chemical composition of whole and grainless corn plant silage harvested at different maturity stages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 51, e20200180.

Toghiani, J., Fallah, N., Nasernejad, B., Mahboubi, A., Taherzadeh, M. J. & Afsham, N. )2023(. Sustainable pistachio dehulling waste management and its valorization approaches: A review. Current Pollution Reports, 9(1): 60-72.

Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. & Lewis, B.A. )1994(. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 358-359.

Wang, H., Ning, T., Hao, W., Zheng, M. & Xu, C. )2016(. Dynamics associated with prolonged ensiling and aerobic deterioration of total mixed ration silage containing whole crop corn. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(1): 62.

Weinberg, Z.G., Chen, Y., Miron, D., Raviv, Y., Nahim, E., Bloch, A., Yosef, E., Nikbahat, M. & Miron, J. )2011(. Preservation of total mixed rations for dairy cows in bales wrapped with polyethylene stretch film–A commercial scale experiment. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 164(1-2): 125-129.

Woolford, M.K. )1984(. The Silage Fermentation. Marcel Decker, New York. 350pp.

Xie, Y., Wang, L., Li, W., Xu, S., Bao, J., Deng, J., Wu, Z. & Yu, Z. )2022(. Fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in response to varying proportion alfalfa silage. Animals, 12(8): 1039.

Yahaya, M.S., Kimura, A., Harai, J., Nguyen, H.V., Kawai, M., Takahashi, J. & Matsuoka, S. )2001(. Evaluation of structural carbohydrates losses and digestibility in alfalfa and orchard grass during ensiling 1. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 14(12): 1701-1704.

Zhao, J., Dong, Z., Chen, L., Wang, S. & Shao, T. )2020(. The replacement of whole-plant corn with bamboo shoot shell on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 259: 114348.