بهبود عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات کیفی دانه سویا با پیش تیمار و محلولپاشی ریزمغذیها تحت تنش علف های هرز
پژوهشهای تولید گیاهی
مقاله 2 ، دوره 33، شماره 1 ، فروردین 1405، صفحه 27-62 اصل مقاله (1.5 M )
نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/jopp.2024.22317.3135
نویسندگان
حمید باقری 1 ؛ علی سپهری* 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران
2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: رقابت علفهای هرز برای منابع یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدود کننده تولید است که میتواند عملکردرا به طور قابل ملاحظهای کاهش دهد. یکی از راهکارهای مقابله با گیاهان ناخواسته در زمین ، استفاده از تخفیفدهندههای تنش و کودهای ریزمغذی است که تأثیر بسزایی بر توانایی رقابت گیاه زراعی با علفهای هرز دارند. در این پژوهش تأثیر پرایمینگ بذر و محلولپاشی عناصر غذایی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات کیفی سویا تحت تنش علفهای هرز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مواد و روشها: اثر پرایمینگ بذر و محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات کیفی سویا رقم کوثر تحت تنش علفهای هرز به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی طی سال زراعی 1400-1399 در قروه (کردستان) در سه تکرار بررسی شد. پرایم اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 5/0 میلیمولار ، هیدروپرایم و بدون پرایم، همچنین وجین دستی علفهای هرز در سه سطح بدون وجین، یک-بار وجین، دوبار وجین و محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی در چهار سطح محلولپاشی با آب (شاهد)، سولفات روی با غلظت 03/0 درصد، سولفات منگنز با غلظت 03/0 درصد و کلات آهن 9 درصد مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. یافتهها: براساس نتایج، پارامترهای اجزای عملکرد مانند تعداد نیام در بوته، تعداد دانه در نیام، تعداد دانه در بوته و شاخص برداشت، پایداری عملکرد را در پیشتیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک تحت شرایط تنش و بدون تنش نشان دادند. مولفههای ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد و عملکرد پروتئین و درصد و عملکرد روغن تحت تأثیر برهمکنش سه جانبه پیش تیمار بذر، وجین و محلولپاشی قرار گرفتند به طوری که با اعمال پیش تیمار بذر، در شرایط با و بدون وجین علفهای هرز و محلولپاشی با عناصر ریز مغذی، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک و درصد روغن و علکرد روغن افزایش معنیداری نسبت به محلولپاشی با آب نشان داد. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد نیام در بوته در تیمار دو بار وجین و محلولپاشی با آهن حاصل شد به طوری که موجب افزایش 77/39 درصدی تعداد نیام در بوته نسبت به تیمار بدون وجین و محلولپاشی با آب گردید. پروتئین دانه برخلاف روغن دانه، تحت شرایط پیشتیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک و محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی، کاهش یافت. در شرایط بدون پرایم، تیمار یکبار وجین علفهای هرز با محلولپاشی عناصر ریز مغذی، توانست پروتئین دانه سویا را نسبت به تیمار بدون وجین افزایش دهد. عملکرد پروتئین دانه در پیشتیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک ومحلولپاشی آهن با دوبار وجین دارای بیشترین مقدار خود بود. در شرایط پرایم و بدون پرایم، وجین علفهای هرز موجب افزایش عملکرد پروتئین دانه شد و محلولپاشی عناصر ریز مغذی این شرایط را بهبود بخشید. پیشتیمار بذور و محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی در تمامی سطوح وجین علفهای هرز موجب افزایش درصد روغن دانه سویا نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد به طوری که در تیمار بدون پرایم و محلولپاشی با آب، وجین علفهای هرز موجب افزایش 17/10 درصدی روغن دانه سویا شد. در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی، پیش تیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک نسبت به پیش تیمار بذر با آب، توانست در حضور علفهای هرز و بدون حضور علفهای هرز، شرایط مطلوبتری را ایجاد کند به طوری که با اعمال پیش تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک با یک بار وجین و محلولپاشی آهن، عملکرد دانه سویا به میزان شرایط پیش تیمار با اسید سالیسیلیک با محلولپاشی با منگنز و روی با دوبار وجین بهبود یافت. نتیجهگیری: براساس یافتههای پژوهش، میتوان با به کارگیری پیش تیمار بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک و محلولپاشی آهن، حداقل به میزان یک بار وجین مزرعه را کاهش داد که نتیجه آن میتوان صرفهجویی در وقت و هزینه انجام وجین دستی و یا عدم به کارگیری علفکشهای شیمیایی در جهت حفظ منابع خاک و عدم آلودگی محیط زیست باشد.
کلیدواژهها
پیش تیمار ؛ اسید سالیسیلیک ؛ درصد و عملکرد پروتئین ؛ درصد و عملکرد روغن ؛ شاخص برداشت
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