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Effects of Kombucha on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Liver Function, and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Reared Under High Stocking Density | ||
| Poultry Science Journal | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 2، بهمن 2026، صفحه 191-199 اصل مقاله (487.99 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22069/psj.2026.24107.2420 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Alihasan Farajzadeh؛ Babak Masouri* ؛ Bahman Parizadian Kavan؛ Heshmatollah Khosravinia؛ Ali Forouharmehr | ||
| Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| High stocking density (HSD) improves space efficiency in broiler production but induces oxidative stress, impairs liver function, disrupts gut microbiota, and reduces growth. This study assessed the dose-dependent effects of kombucha in drinking water (0, 5, 10, and 15 mL/100 mL) to alleviate HSD stress in Ross 308 broilers reared at control (10 birds/m²) or high (15 birds/m²) density. Five hundred chicks were assigned to 40 pens in a 4×2 factorial design (kombucha × stocking density), with five replicates per treatment. Growth performance was monitored weekly. On day 42, serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), antioxidant markers (MDA, GPx, TAC), ileal microbiota (Lactobacillus, coliforms, total anaerobes), and intestinal morphology were evaluated. HSD significantly reduced daily weight gain (DWG; 38.39 vs. 41.99 g/bird; P< 0.05). Only 15 mL/100 mL kombucha significantly enhanced DWG (43.55 g/bird) and feed conversion ratio (FCR = 1.690) over 42 days (P< 0.05). HSD increased serum AST and ALP (P< 0.05), indicating liver stress; 15 mL/100 mL kombucha markedly lowered these (231.3 and 2896 U/L, respectively). Antioxidant status improved dose-dependently: 15 mL/100 mL yielded the lowest MDA (7.01 nmol/dL) and highest GPx (397.9 U/L) and TAC (64.26 U/L; P< 0.05). Gut microbiota responded dose-dependently, 15 mL/100 mL maximized Lactobacillus (7.81 log₁₀ CFU/g) and total anaerobes (7.30 log₁₀ CFU/g) while minimizing coliforms (6.40 log₁₀ CFU/g). Although the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio peaked at 10 mL/100 mL (11.77), the 15 mL/100 mL dose offered the broadest benefits. Although no statistically significant kombucha × stocking density interaction was detected for DWG (P = 0.13), the numerical improvement under HSD suggests a protective effect. Kombucha supplementation at 15 mL/100 mL in drinking water is a highly effective, natural strategy to mitigate the multifaceted negative impacts of HSD in broilers, improving growth, liver health, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbial balance. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| HSD؛ Liver؛ Broiler؛ Kombucha؛ Gut microbiota | ||
| مراجع | ||
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